The things is Jack Mallers, worked with Dorsey when he still was at Twitter to enable tipping using lightning. The system is already there and he just said on Twitter to Musk, that it will take him just days to take the already built lightning system to Twitter in general.

Let's see if Musk responds, but I have the feeling that Musk wants Twitter to become a wallet and exchange for Doge. So they can get a commission for selling Doge to the people.

Superheat advertises that their water heater will mine 68TH/s, which would bring that number down SIGNIFICANTLY. Integrating mining into water heating and HVAC seems to be the solution to me. Hashing2Heating has come up with some amazing ideas for making this happen.

Their whitepaper is pretty bad at explaining what this tech is, and their docs aren't much better. I'll give it my best shot but if anyone from sovryn is reading, please correct me if i'm wrong here.

The whitepaper introduces two technologies, "Grail" and "BitSNARK", which i assume taken together are the 'framework' they call BitcoinOS.

They claim BitSNARK is a more efficient version of BitVM for the specific case of validating ZK rollups, but they fail to elaborate on how they made it more efficient and how it works internally, beyond the high level overview given on page 3. The main raison d'etre of BitSNARK seems to be to act as an on-chain enforcement mechanism for settling smart contract disputes using zero knowledge proofs (Groth16 snarks) as the ultimate source of truth for who 'wins' the settlement. Basically this is BitVM specifically instantiated for SNARK verification.

Also, Groth16 requires a per-circuit trusted setup and produces "toxic waste", and their paper doesn't clarify how they deal with that. Who does the trust fall on? What are the consequences if the trusted parties misbehave and keep their toxic waste?

As for Grail, it seems to be a procedure used to 'transfer' bitcoin in and out of an L2/sidechain, using BitSNARK (BitVM+ZKP). This type of procedure seems to be a hot topic for businesses these days. Full disclosure: i'm doing some work for a company who is building something similar, except with multisig escrow instead of an on-chain ZKP verifier.

Grail Bridge

The bridge is intended to allow users to transfer assets between the Bitcoin blockchain and an L2 (Layer 2) network

Operators can lock funds on the Bitcoin side by sending them to Taproot addresses created using BitSNARK. The funds are thereby locked in a UTXO until a SNARK proof is provided that allows them to be retrieved. On the L2 side, the operator sends a SNARK proof to the bridge smart contract, thereby causing the bridge to mint tokens to the operator’s wallet. In the reverse process, an operator burns their tokens via the smart contract, thereby obtaining a SNARK proof that allows the operator to retrieve their funds, on the Bitcoin side, from the UTXO, using the BitSNARK protocol.

So the "Unlimited Smart Contracts and Scalability" claim they have emblazoned on their website isn't occurring on bitcoin - it's occurring off-chain, and the framework they've designed is just an engine (powered by BitVM and SNARKs) to allow people to wrap bitcoin which they can then use on smart contracts inside the given L2.

Ultimately users still need to choose their L2 wisely because a bug or hack in the L2 will destroy the wrapped bitcoins, and prevent users from creating valid proofs to reclaim the actual Bitcoins proper.

For example, if you used Grail to wrap BTC onto Ethereum, and then deposited that wrapped-BTC in a poorly coded ETH smart contract which gets hacked, then you're shit-outta-luck - the hacker can burn the wrapped-BTC and create a proof which lets them sweep away your mainchain BTC, and you can't do anything about it. Your money would be just as gone as if you'd just sent your BTC straight to the hacker in the first place.

Overall rating: 6/10. Highly efficient ZKPs enforced on Bitcoin is exciting and I would like to know more about how their 'BitSNARK' system actually works. I think Sovryn is focusing on the wrong use case with Grail though. Instead of bridging Bitcoin to shitcoins, they should be focusing on using BitSNARK to create more powerful expressive tools on L1 bitcoin.